13. Model Reference

There are currently three available models in Theia3D:

  1. Default Model

  • Consists of two kinematic chains: lower body (pelvis and legs) and upper body (torso, arms, and head).

  • No abdomen or neck segments.

  • Shoulder joints and head segment are allowed 6 degrees of freedom.

  1. Separate Arm and Head Model

  • Consists of five kinematic chains: lower body (pelvis and legs), torso, left arm, right arm, and head.

  • No abdomen or neck segments.

  • Shoulder joints and head segment are allowed 6 degrees of freedom.

  1. Full Body Model

  • Consists of one, whole-body kinematic chain.

  • Abdomen and neck segments included.

  • Shoulder joints are allowed 6 degrees of freedom.

  • Head is allowed 3 degrees of freedom.

13.1. Pose

Model pose can be exported to .c3d, .fbx, and .json files.

The .c3d files contain the 4x4 pose matrices for each model segment and the local coordinates of the anatomical landmarks of the distal segments of the model (feet, hands, head). These files can be processed using Visual3D.

The .fbx files contain the hierachical skeleton, pose, and bone meshes of the animation model. The first frame of the file contains the model in a “T-Pose”. The skeleton must be solved using the Full Body Model in order to save pose files in FBX format.

The .json files contain information about how the trial was processed (Theia3D version, model, preferences, etc.) and the 4x4 pose matrices for each body segment for every frame of the trial.

_images/model_2chains.png

The Theia3D kinematic model, shown as 3D segments in the Theia3D viewer.

13.2. Default Model Description

The Default kinematic model consists of two kinematic chains for the lower body (pelvis and legs) and upper body (torso, arms, and head).

Upper body kinematic chain

Torso

Parent: Lab
Origin: Base of neck
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)

Head

Parent: Torso
Origin: Midpoint of ears
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)

Right Upper Arm

Parent: Torso
Origin: Right shoulder
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)
Proximal: Right shoulder
Distal: Right elbow

Right Lower Arm

Parent: Right upper arm
Origin: Right elbow
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, pronation/supination)
Proximal: Right elbow
Distal: Right wrist

Right Hand

Parent: Right lower arm
Origin: Right wrist
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction)
Proximal: Right wrist
Distal: Right mid hand

Left Upper Arm

Parent: Torso
Origin: Left shoulder
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)
Proximal: Left shoulder
Distal: Left elbow

Left Lower Arm

Parent: Left upper arm
Origin: Left elbow
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, pronation/supination)
Proximal: Left elbow
Distal: Left wrist

Left Hand

Parent: Left lower arm
Origin: Left wrist
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction)
Proximal: Left wrist
Distal: Left mid hand

Lower body kinematic chain

Pelvis

Parent: Lab
Origin: Midpoint of pelvis plane
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)

Right Thigh

Parent: Pelvis
Origin: Right hip
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom
Proximal: Right hip
Distal: Right knee

Right Shank

Parent: Right thigh
Origin: Right knee
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction) or three rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction, internal/external rotation)
Proximal: Right knee
Distal: Right ankle

Right Foot

Parent: Right shank
Origin: Right ankle
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF), with limited translation
Proximal: Right ankle
Distal: Right mid foot

Right Toes

Parent: Right foot
Origin: Right mid foot
Joint: One rotational degree of freedom (flexion/extension)
Proximal: Right mid foot
Distal: Right big toe

Left Thigh

Parent: Pelvis
Origin: Left hip
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom
Proximal: Left hip
Distal: Left knee

Left Shank

Parent: Left thigh
Origin: Left knee
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction) or three rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction, internal/external rotation)
Proximal: Left knee
Distal: Left ankle

Left Foot

Parent: Left shank
Origin: Left ankle
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF), with limited translation
Proximal: Left ankle
Distal: Left mid foot

Left Toes

Parent: Left foot
Origin: Left mid foot
Joint: One rotational degree of freedom (flexion/extension)
Proximal: Left mid foot
Distal: Left big toe

13.3. Separate Arm and Head Model Description

The Separate Arm and Head kinematic model consists of five kinematic chains for the lower body (pelvis and legs), torso, left arm, right arm, and head. Use of this model allows the separate chains that make up the upper body to be tracked when other upper body chains are lost.

Torso kinematic chain

Torso

Parent: Lab
Origin: Base of neck
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)

Head kinematic chain

Head

Parent: Lab
Origin: Midpoint of ears
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)

Right arm kinematic chain

Right Upper Arm

Parent: Lab
Origin: Right shoulder
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)
Proximal: Right shoulder
Distal: Right elbow

Right Lower Arm

Parent: Right upper arm
Origin: Right elbow
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, pronation/supination)
Proximal: Right elbow
Distal: Right wrist

Right Hand

Parent: Right lower arm
Origin: Right wrist
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction)
Proximal: Right wrist
Distal: Right mid hand

Left arm kinematic chain

Left Upper Arm

Parent: Lab
Origin: Left shoulder
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)
Proximal: Left shoulder
Distal: Left elbow

Left Lower Arm

Parent: Left upper arm
Origin: Left elbow
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, pronation/supination)
Proximal: Left elbow
Distal: Left wrist

Left Hand

Parent: Left lower arm
Origin: Left wrist
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction)
Proximal: Left wrist
Distal: Left mid hand

Lower body kinematic chain

Pelvis

Parent: Lab
Origin: Midpoint of pelvis plane
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)

Right Thigh

Parent: Pelvis
Origin: Right hip
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom
Proximal: Right hip
Distal: Right knee

Right Shank

Parent: Right thigh
Origin: Right knee
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction) or three rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction, internal/external rotation)
Proximal: Right knee
Distal: Right ankle

Right Foot

Parent: Right shank
Origin: Right ankle
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF), with limited translation
Proximal: Right ankle
Distal: Right mid foot

Right Toes

Parent: Right foot
Origin: Right mid foot
Joint: One rotational degree of freedom (flexion/extension)
Proximal: Right mid foot
Distal: Right big toe

Left Thigh

Parent: Left
Origin: Left hip
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom
Proximal: Left hip
Distal: Left knee

Left Shank

Parent: Left thigh
Origin: Left knee
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction) or three rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction, internal/external rotation)
Proximal: Left knee
Distal: Left ankle

Left Foot

Parent: Left shank
Origin: Left ankle
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF), with limited translation
Proximal: Left ankle
Distal: Left mid foot

Left Toes

Parent: Left foot
Origin: Left mid foot
Joint: One rotational degree of freedom (flexion/extension)
Proximal: Left mid foot
Distal: Left big toe

13.4. Full Body Model Description

The full body kinematic model consists of one kinematic chain comprised of the lower body, upper body, and head, with the pelvis as the root segment. Abdomen and neck segments are included. The Full Body Model must be used in order to save skeleton poses as FBX format.

Full body kinematic chain

Pelvis

Parent: Lab
Origin: Midpoint of pelvis plane
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)

Abdomen

Parent: Pelvis
Origin: Pelvis origin
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction)

Torso

Parent: Abdomen
Origin: Base of neck
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom, one translational degree of freedom (along Z)

Neck

Parent: Torso
Origin: Base of neck
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom

Head

Parent: Neck
Origin: Midpoint of ears
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom

Right Upper Arm

Parent: Torso
Origin: Right shoulder
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)
Proximal: Right shoulder
Distal: Right elbow

Right Lower Arm

Parent: Right upper arm
Origin: Right elbow
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, pronation/supination)
Proximal: Right elbow
Distal: Right wrist

Right Hand

Parent: Right lower arm
Origin: Right wrist
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction)
Proximal: Right wrist
Distal: Right mid hand

Left Upper Arm

Parent: Torso
Origin: Left shoulder
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF)
Proximal: Left shoulder
Distal: Left elbow

Left Lower Arm

Parent: Left upper arm
Origin: Left elbow
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, pronation/supination)
Proximal: Left elbow
Distal: Left wrist

Left Hand

Parent: Left lower arm
Origin: Left wrist
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction)
Proximal: Left wrist
Distal: Left mid hand

Right Thigh

Parent: Pelvis
Origin: Right hip
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom
Proximal: Right hip
Distal: Right knee

Right Shank

Parent: Right thigh
Origin: Right knee
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction) or three rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction, internal/external rotation)
Proximal: Right knee
Distal: Right ankle

Right Foot

Parent: Right shank
Origin: Right ankle
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF), with limited translation
Proximal: Right ankle
Distal: Right mid foot

Right Toes

Parent: Right foot
Origin: Right mid foot
Joint: One rotational degree of freedom (flexion/extension)
Proximal: Right mid foot
Distal: Right big toe

Left Thigh

Parent: Left
Origin: Left hip
Joint: Three rotational degrees of freedom
Proximal: Left hip
Distal: Left knee

Left Shank

Parent: Left thigh
Origin: Left knee
Joint: Two rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction) or three rotational degrees of freedom (flexion/extension, ad/abduction, internal/external rotation)
Proximal: Left knee
Distal: Left ankle

Left Foot

Parent: Left shank
Origin: Left ankle
Joint: Free joint (6 DOF), with limited translation
Proximal: Left ankle
Distal: Left mid foot

Left Toes

Parent: Left foot
Origin: Left mid foot
Joint: One rotational degree of freedom (flexion/extension)
Proximal: Left mid foot
Distal: Left big toe